Learn How Marital Status Can Affect Your Financial Aid

The significance of your marital status in the financial aid process has a lot to do with whether or not you can claim dependent or independent status on the FAFSA. If you are married, regardless of age, you will have independent status when the government calculates your ability to afford college. Below youll see situations in which marriage can have a positive or a negative effect on your financial aid: Situations in which Marriage Improves Your Financial Aid Eligibility Marriage will usually have a positive impact on your financial aid eligibility if you are under 24 years of age and your spouse does not have high income. This is because you can then claim independent status, and your parents income and assets will not be considered in your financial aid calculations. Your spouses income, however, will be considered.If you are 24 years of age or older, you will have independent status whether married or not. Here again, your marital status will be a benefit assuming your spouses income is relatively low. Situations in Which Marriage Lessens Your Financial Aid Eligibility Marriage will often have a negative impact on your financial aid reward if you are 24 or over and your spouse has significant income. The reasons for this are two-fold: if you are 24 or over, you are considered to have independent status for financial aid. Thus, only your own income and assets are used to calculate your financial aid eligibility. If, however, you are married, your spouses income will be part of the calculations.If you are under 24 and from a family with modest income, your spouses income will determine whether or not marrying helps or hurts you. In general, the higher your spouses income, the less aid you will receive.If your parents dont have high income and they are supporting several other dependents, it is quite possible that your financial aid eligibility will actually decrease when you get married. This is especially true if you have brothers or sisters who are also in college. In a situation such as this, your parents qualify for significant financial aid, and that could actually decrease if you have independent status. This can be true even if your spouse doesnt have high income.   More Issues to Consider Related to Marital Status If you submit your FAFSA when you are single but then you marry, you can submit an update to the form so that your ability to pay for college is accurately reflected by the government calculations.You can submit a change to your FAFSA should you or your spouse lose your income or have a reduction in income during the academic year.You need to report your financial information and your spouses information on the FAFSA even if you file taxes separately.  Keep in mind that you and your spouses assets, not just your income, are used to calculate your aid eligibility. Thus, even if you and your spouse have low income, you might find that your expected contribution is high if you or your spouse has significant savings, real estate holdings, investments, or other assets.

The Five Most Important Things You Can Do for the Environment

If you feel you’re not doing enough for the environment by replacing your incandescent light bulbs with CFL or LED lights and composting your kitchen garbage, maybe you’re ready to make a deeper commitment to environmental stewardship. Some of these strategies may seem a little radical, but they are among the most valuable actions you can take to protect and preserve Earth’s environment. †¢ Have Fewer Children—or None Overpopulation is arguably the world’s most serious environmental problem, because it exacerbates all of the others. The global population grew from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion in 1999, an increase of 100 percent in just 40 years. According to current projections, the world population will expand to 9 billion by 2040,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Conserve Energy—and Switch to Renewable Energy Walk, bike and use public transportation more. Drive less. Not only will you be healthier and help to preserve precious energy resources, you’ll also save money. According to a study by the American Public Transportation Association, families that use public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6,200 annually, more than the average U.S. household spends on food every year. There are dozens of other ways you can conserve energy—from turning off lights and unplugging appliances when they are not in use, to substituting cold water for hot whenever practical and weather stripping your doors and windows, to not overheating or overcooling your home and office. One way to start is to get a free energy audit from your local utility. Whenever possible, choose renewable energy over fossil fuels. 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A Description of My Bedroom Essay Example For Students

A Description of My Bedroom Essay An empty bedroom is like a blank canvas and the person who inhabits the bedroom is the artist. This artist sets up their room according to their unique likes, style, and personality. Everything in their room helps define the artist as a person. You could learn so much about a person by just taking a look inside of their room. You can easily tell which door leads to my bedroom because if the way it looks. Its not your average, ordinary door. Its special. My door is white with violet polka dots all over it. It has my name smack in the middle with bright, bold, sparkly purple letters. Beneath my name is a small collage of pictures of me with my family and friends , followed by one of my favorite quotes It is not what we have but who we have in our lives that counts.   . Once opening the door, you catch a quick glimpse of my violet and white striped room. Each wall is different. The wall behind my bed is violet with 2 white stripes, one thick stripe and one skinnier stripe on top of it. The wall opposite to it is the same. The wall right next to it is white with stripes just like the one next to it except the stripes are violet. Right after entering my room, to your left you will find my bathroom. The first thing that you notice when entering my bathroom is that its a dark purple color. To the left you will see my a big oval mirror above my sink. My sink has a lavender toothbrush and soap container on top of it, to the left of my sink is a white cabinet in which I keep all of my face wash and other hygiene products. To the right of the sink is my lavender covered toilet. On top of the toilet cap thing are dark purple, scented candles on top of a small, silky lavender cloth. Above the toilet is a towel rack that holds 3 dark purple towels. To the right of the toilet is my bath. My bath has , you guessed it, a dark purple shower curtain with white polka dots on it. Inside my bath, I have my shampoo, body wash and purple loofa rack. Getting out if the bath, to the right you will see 3 pictures of Daisies, all different sizes. 1 big , 1 medium and 1 small in that order. On the bathroom door I have a little a hanger that holds up my violet colored bathroom robe. On the floor I have 3 fluffy rugs, also a dark purple color. There is a small one under the sink, another one under the toilet, and a longer one under the bath. Once exiting the bathroom, to your left you will see my t. v cabinet. I have a 32   black plasma t. v, this was a birthday present given to me on my 15th birthday. The cabinet that holds the t. v is white. Inside the cabinet there is a VCR/DVD player. To the right of the VCR/DVD player is my Wii console. This was a Christmas present given to me and my younger sister in 2009. Back then me and my sister used to use to play games but as the years go by mostly just use it to watch movies and shows on Netflix. To the left of the VCR/DVD player there are two compartments. A higher and a lower compartment. On the higher compartment there are my DVD movies and some of my old Wii games. The lower compartment contains my VCR movies. Above my t. v and the cabinet are four colored cubes that hang on the wall. The cubes have an opening in the middle which allows them to hold stuff in the middle of them. Two of the cubes are purple and the two there cubes are white. On the wall they are arranged a certain way. One white cube is placed at a slightly high level, a purple cube is next to it but below it. The other white cube is placed above the previous purple one and it is about the same height as the first white cube. The last purple cube is placed under the last white cube. Inside of the first cube I put a small purple pot with fake daisies on it to add a plant to the room even if it was fake. Inside the second cube I put five books. Those four books are my al time favorite books written by my favorite author, John Green. The books are Looking for Alaska  , The Fault in Our Stars  , An Abundance of Katherines  , Paper Towns  , and Will Grayson, Will Grayson  . Inside the third cube I put three scented candles, two small purple candles and one medium sized white candle. The small purple candles have a lavender scent and the medium sized candle has a vanilla bean scent. The candles are arranged in the order of; purple, white, purple. Inside of the fourth and last cube I placed two small teddy bears given to me by my best friend on valentines day. To the left of t. v cabinet is my closet. I have a four door white closet. Each closet door has a princess mirror in the middle. The border of each of the mirrors are violet. On the outline of the door frame there are purple christmas lights going all around the closet. The reason for these lights is simply because I like to look at them at night when my room is dark because they make the room look so dark but yet so beautiful. To the right of my closet there is a window with a window seat. My curtains are made up of a sparkly, violet cloth. My window couch is violet with two sets of white and purple striped pillows and cushions. The furniture part of the couch is white. The furniture has 2 medium sized drawers. The painted the little ball handles violet to go with the rest of my room. 12 Angry Men: Influence Of Surroundings EssayTo the right of the candle holder is my bed. I have a white queen sized bed. My bed has a thin blanket on the bottom which is a plain violet color. On top of that blanket is a much thicker blanket with a purple and white stripe pattern. There is a total of seven pillows on it. The two main pillow are medium sized with silky purple covers. Another set of pillows are about the same size. These pillows have purple and white stripes. There is also a set of two round small pillows those pillows are plain purple with little fringes on the circumference of the pillow. The last pillow is a long shaped pillow that has purple and white stripes. Above the bed on the wall are four pictures. The four pictures all form one big picture. Its like they got one big picture and cut it into four different pieces. the pictures are evenly spread out from each other but directly in the middle of the wall. The main picture is a painting of purple colored daisies. Overhead on the ceiling is a long, thin and sparkly cloth that swirls over the bed. To the right of the bed is another cabinet just like the one to the left of the bed. Its white with purple handles. On top of the cabinet is another lamp also like the previous one. Its base is white and the shade or cover, however you want to call it, is purple with small purple jewel fringes. Above the cabinet, on the wall, is a candle holder just like the last one. On top of the candle holder are three small candles. The candle to the left is purple. The candle in the middle is lavender and the candle on the right is white. To the right of cabinet is the corner is my dresser. My dresser is large and it is of a white color. The dresser has 6 separate drawers. Each of the handles on the drawers are painted purple. On top of the dresser I put a long violet cloth that runs through the middle of the dresser. I put the cloth there so that when I put something heavy or edgy on top, it wont scratch or harm the wood of the dresser. To the left, on the drawer I have a jewelry stand. This jewelry stand is violet and it looks like a tree with branches stretching out. In the middle of the dresser I put a small black jewelry box. This jewelry box was given to me by my grandma on my 6th birthday. I have kept it with me ever since. When opened, the jewelry box plays a soothing tune while a ballerina in the middle twirls and spins around. Inside of the box I have rings and delicate necklaces. To the right of the box there is single, large, sparkly purple candle. To the right of my drawer is my computer desk. The computer desk is white. It has four drawers. Just like my cabinet and dresser, the drawer handles are also painted purple. All the handles of all the drawers are painted purple because i wanted my whole room to match. The top drawer is long, its where I keep discs and hard drives. To the right of that drawer are the other three of the drawers. Inside those drawers are where I keep notebooks, folders, old homework and other important papers of mine. On top of the desk is my laptop in the middle. My laptop has a purple and white stripped cover. To the far upper right corner of the desk I have a pencil holder which I use to hold all my writing utensils. To the far upper left hand corner I have a small lamp. The lamp has a paisley pattern on the shade of the lamp. The base of the lamp is purple. Overhead, on the wall in front of the desk I have a medium sized memo board and a medium sized whiteboard next to each other to keep me reminded of homework that I have due, upcoming doctor appointments, and other important things. My computer chair is a purple with black wheelie chair. The chair has cushioning on the back rest and on the seat. On the back rest it has like a squared pattern and where each of the corners of the squares meet there are little silver diamond like rhinestones. Under the computer desk is my little trash bin. My trash bin is purple with a white rim on top. In my room I also have two large rugs. The rugs are purple and fluffy. One of them is placed right in the middle of the room and the other is placed beside my bed, next to where i keep my slippers. In the middle of my room, on the ceiling, there is a white fan. Like I said in the beginning , an artist creates or models their rooms to their likes and to go with their personalities. I myself am an artist who has created my room to be extremely color organized. I set up my room to where everything in there is mostly just three colors and everything matches. I designed a room where anyone could walk in it and be able to describe what kind of person I am, what I like and what my personality is. My room is an artwork created by me.

Urbanization As A Social Problem Essays - Human Geography

Urbanization As A Social Problem Urbanization as a Social Problem How is urbanization negatively effecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. This essay will not only break down the problems of urbanization in the United States, but it will also tell you some of the attempts made to fix the problem and give some solutions as to how it could possibly be solved in the future. Also when answering this question one must understand that urbanization, can not be stopped, but only contained in a manner that will help the United States to function better as a country. The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristics can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism causes decrease in per capita, and promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty. Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of the traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well! Sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government or it is at least their job to regulate these services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopolies deem toward inefficiency. Functionalist look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are a place where everybody visits, and therefor vendors can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for $3.00 at my local gas station, and when I visited inner city Orlando, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for $4.00. This is just a minor example, and most of the residents in an urban area are in poverty and have trouble affording the $3.00 pack if they smoke much less adding a dollar to the already ridiculous cost. In the United States, the breaking of the traditional family structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particularly in urbanized areas. The traditional, mom and dad, and children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is a weakened bond of kinship, and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. While individuals pursue their own diverging interests in their educational, vocational, religious and recreational life. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. With single parent families, children lack in the authority department due to the lack of the amount of time their parents have free to raise them. These specialized institutions often help, but can not replace the role of a child's guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well. The density of people reinforces effect of numbers in diversifying people and their activities and increasing the complexity of the social structure. The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage, as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society, which means that sometimes people may permanently suffer before any action is taken to solve the problem because the delay in action is most often the result of people underestimating the problems. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions no matter how ignorant, and the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems die out as we desegregate our communities. People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example what fits their budget. Political pathology and population growth is closely related because of the population change and this change carries with it a high likelihood of social disruption. Government assumes major responsibility for development attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agriculture and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government's budget is not distributed equally mainly due

The Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine Free Online Research Papers QUESTION: Discuss the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and how its birth shaped U.S. foreign policy from the 1820’s through the American Civil War. Be sure to include the key players and their various motives in creating or using this important document. The Monroe Doctrine History during the early 1800’s found the American people very interested in the situation involving the Latin American countries found in central, South America, and Mexico. Though these Latin countries tried to establish their own government and proclaimed their independence, certain European countries continued to fight and reinstate their force and power over them. A major factor to consider was that France and Spain were considering joining forces to create a large and powerful military force, also in hopes of moving in to reclaim the areas of Latin states in which French or Spanish power had slipped. Americans were showing equal concern to the defense of their own country, their coastlines and the states and territory of the North American continent. This defense, not only in the meaning of protecting their colonized states from invasive forces, but defense also to protect the available land on the continent from the future possibilities of settlement and control by European countries or the Holy Alliance (Russia, Prussia and Austria.) During President James Monroe’s term, the president realized the States should start to exert power in the world. The States must develop a policy to protect his countrys interests. President Monroe chose to consult with many of those he found wise and those whose opinions he valued (former President Thomas Jefferson, John Calhoun and James Madison, and Secretary John Quincy Adams. Great Britain tried to collaborate with the United States, hoping to send out a joint message to other European countries and the Holy Alliance. All but the Secretary of State agreed it would be in the best interest of the States to ally with Great Britain. The thought was to create a document or declaration stating the land on the northern continent of America could no longer be claimed by any European country, or the Holy Alliance. It was also clearly expressed Europe or the Holy Alliance should not interfere with into American affairs and could expect the United States would not become involved in the business of other countries. There would be no tolerance of those who chose to ignore or interfere with all that was set forth in this document. Colonization of the land and territories by Americans was acceptable; growth was expected, especially to the north and west. The population of the states, at that time, was expanding and settled land was becoming crowded. Great Britain, though perhaps not too happy to relinquish any powers or rights to colonize any territory in the American territory, offered support to the implementation of a diplomatic document issued regarding this issue. JAMES MONROE President James Monroe governed the States with an intelligent and fair leadership. There are two things for which he is named and perhaps best known, Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine. Both Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine were both created in the hopes of deterring future attacks on the States, seen in the burning of Washington and during the colonization of the territories of the country. Fort Monroe developed as a coastal defensive port, a stronghold against foreign military advances. The Monroe Doctrine developed as a defensive mechanism against European countries and the Holy Alliance, countries dominating in world power and continuing to pursue land in the western hemisphere. James Monroe grew up as a planter and later became a military officer. His military career was considered unsuccessful by most, his job was to enlist soldiers into the war and his success rate was low. He later served as senator and governor of Virginia and was assigned to duty overseas by President Thomas Jefferson. He increased his political knowledge by gaining valuable knowledge in his legal profession and while performing as a liaison to foreign countries. However, along with this knowledge he brought the character traits of honest and integrity, along with respect for the government and for his country. Combined, President Monroe possessed many attributes which helped to pave the way for his future career as the nations president. Monroe served for two presidential terms. He led the country with these traits, placing the rights of the people above his own. â€Å"One of his lasting achievements was the Monroe Doctrine, which became a major tenet of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere.† (para 1, Biography: A Life in Brief) During his second term he, along with his Secretary of State. John Quincy Adams, worked together to create the Monroe Doctrine. During President Monroe’s last message to Congress, in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was presented. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS John Quincy Adams played a very important part in the production of the Monroe Doctrine. Very early in his career Mr. Adams, a Harvard graduate, was selected and assigned overseas to diplomatic posts overseas. Many years were spent abroad; Mr. Adams achieved success serving in political assignments. â€Å"One of the most important lessons he learned while serving abroad was that the United States should not become caught become rivalries that exist between European companies.† (para 2, John Quincy Adams) Remaining in politics, John Quincy Adams decided to run for the Senate. He was elected with the support of the Federalist Party. He later lost their support when he vocalized support for President Thomas Jefferson and his embargo. True to Mr. Adam’s lessons learned while serving overseas, the embargo was for neutrality while England and France were at war. Mr. Adams was chosen to become the Secretary of State for President James Monroe. John Quincy Adams believed the States should remain neutral and should protect the natural resources; these ideas were very similar to those shared by President Monroe. The Secretary of States knowledge and philosophies were very instrumental in many political negotiations and in the development of documents and treaties. His career as Secretary of State was considered very successful. One of his great accomplishments (other than the Monroe Doctrine) was the peace treaty of Ghent. While serving as Secretary of State during the early 1800’s, Mr. Adams helped to negotiate the acquisition of land which had previously owned by other countries, to include the purchase of Florida. It was during this term that President Monroe and Secretary of State Adams felt it was in the best interest of the States for the declaration, later to be known as the Monroe Doctrine, to be created. Hoping to stop the advancement of colonization by Europe and the Holy Alliance, the government would issue this doctrine during Monroes second term. The declaration announcing the States would not become entangled in or take sides during disputes between other countries would also allow the American country a chance to build a reputation as an independent nation. While others counseled President Monroe during the creation stages of the document, it was the opinion of Mr. Adams on which the president relied. The ideas used were more truly devised by both the president and Mr. Adams. They were in agreement that not only should the doctrine include a warning, there would be no future colonization of the States by European countries or the Holy Alliance, but also that there should be no involvement in United States affairs and the United States would not get involved in the affairs of other countries. John Quincy Adams also had some political motives for implementing the doctrine during the term of President Monroe. Mr. Adams planned to run for the presidency as a Republican. Having the doctrine issued by Monroe, Adams was able to have the policies put into effect and yet he would not seem to the public as though he was pro-British, at a time when the Republicans would not have approved. THOMAS JEFFERSON President Monroe chose Thomas Jefferson for advice. He asked what Jeffersons opinion was towards allowing Great Britain be a joint party in the development of a doctrine. Mr. Jefferson answered by writing a letter to the president. Thomas Jefferson also felt it was time the States controlled their own continent, without interference from other powers. He also stated he continued to think that Great Britain was such a powerful force that if they were not included, they may take action against the States. He wrote it would be a huge step in the forward movement of the United States if they were to have the ability to expand to their borders and have the opportunity to increase their states and colonies by decreasing the hold of other countries. He was hesitant because of the power of these same countries. â€Å"Both Jefferson and former president James Madison, whom Monroe also consulted, recommended cooperation with Britain. However, Monroes Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, was more cautious.† (para 4, Today in History) GEORGE CANNING (British Foreign Minister) During the development of the Monroe Doctrine Great Britain was extremely concerned with Spain and France and their pressure on the Latin countries. Great Britain did not want to lose ground, many of their politicians worked and negotiated against these countries, decreasing their control in the western hemisphere. Both France and Spain were once again trying to assert their power over these countries in Central, South America, and Mexico. Great Britain did not want this to happen. â€Å"Britain, prospering from newly opened Latin American trade, opposed this move. In 1823, Foreign Minister George Canning proposed, through Richard Rush, the American minister, the two nations jointly express their hostility to intervention.† (para 2, Monroe, James) They presented their developing idea of a proclamation protecting the interests of the States. Trying to preserve some political interests of Great Britain, George Canning presented an idea that together the States and Great Britain present a joint proclamation, this would allow Great Britain the rights to colonize Latin countries. Great Britain would benefit from the increased commerce from the Latin countries and the continued trade with the states, so, even though President Monroe gave a negative response to the offer of a joint declaration, Great Britain was still supportive of the Monroe Doctrine. How the Birth of the Monroe Doctrine Shaped US Foreign Policy from 1820’s through the Civil War. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823 by President Monroe during his last address to Congress. Later in history it was realized there may have been no way to actually implement the consequences, if the Monroe Doctrine was dismissed by Europe and the Holy Alliance. However; it was successful, those countries did accept and abide by the doctrine initially. In later years, during the countrys expansion the doctrine became less substantial. There were times when it was used to the benefit of the country and other occasions when it did not prove to be the answer. During the early 1830s Great Britain claimed alliance with Texas and the Monroe Doctrine was interjected, as reminder and a means of substantiating the diplomatic rights of the United States. When the Doctrine was issued Great Britain still controlled colonies and territories in the west (Oregon, California). Settlers began to move west and challenged the British rights. Two succeeding presidents, President Tyler and President Polk were determined to find a means to loosen the control of Britain in the west. Evoking the Monroe Doctrine, each president faced Great Britain, requesting acknowledgement of the proclamation. Using the doctrine to protect the Latin states was not so positive, when used to address the fight between Spain and the Dominican Republic. Conclusion The creation of the Monroe Doctrine changed not only the history of the States but perhaps the history of the world. Declaring that Europe and the Holy Alliance could no longer interfere with the Latin countries allowed these new countries the time they needed to develop their countries, their business, and their trade and shipping markets. Since commerce and shipping was no longer dominated by the larger countries, this allowed the States an opportunity to grow and develop in the trade market also. This time and confidence allowed them to develop their own naval military powers also. The initiation and implementation of such a wise first move in foreign policy was one of many that helped to build the United States into a forceful power. WORKS CITED Biography: A Life in Brief. James Monroe. American Presidents. para 1. Updated April 26, 2005, from: americanpresident.org/history/jamesmonroe/ John Quincy Adams. John-Quincy-Adams.com. para 2. Retrieved September 7, 2005, john-quincy-adams.com Today in History, October 17. American Memory. Library of Congress, para 4. (Retrieved September 7, 2005 from: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct17.html Monroe, James. The American Presidency. Encyclopedia Americana 2005 para 2 Retrieved September 8, 2005, http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0275240-00templatename=/article/article.html Research Papers on The Monroe DoctrineAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Example

Non Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Essay Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins within immune system cells called lymphocytes. Similar to other cancers, lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes are uncontrollably growing and multiplying. These lymphocytes are white blood cells that move throughout the body with the help of a fluid called lymph. There they are transported by a network of different vessels that make up the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system. The main Job of the lymphatic system is to fght off infections or anything else that threatens the body. The lymphatic system consists of different lymph nodes located hroughout the body to help monitor the lymph that flows through them. These lymph nodes can be very helpful in predicting signs of possible cancer. The nodes will begin to tenderize and swell when a large amount of microbial organisms collect insides of them, indicating infection. There are two main types of lymphocytes, B- cells, and T-cells. Both are designed to recognize and destroy infections, however, B- cells travel through the body with the infection, while T-cells kill the infection directly. When these cells begin to multiply too quickly, they begin to build up in the lymph odes, forming a giant mass of cells called a tumor. Once this tumor forms, it begins to grow, invading the space of nearby organs and tissues, cutting off their oxygen supply. If these abnormal lymphocytes travel between lymph nodes, or to other organs, the cancer can spread and metastasize to other regions of the body, making it much more difficult to control and get rid of. Non-Hodgkins is classified and derived from either abnormal B or T-cells and has thirty different subtypes (Clarke 139). In the United States each year, about fifty-four thousand people are diagnosed ith Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, making it the most common type of blood cancer in the U. S (Clarke 138). The symptoms of this disease may be difficult to discover, since often times they may appear suddenly and be painless. These symptoms can include swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin. This swelling may be painless and go unnoticed. There may also be discomfort or a fullness in the abdomen, feeling very tired or weak, shortness of breath, as well as fever and weight loss. It is important to get these symptoms checked out and monitored by a doctor to result in etter treatment if needed. There are certain risk factors that may increase the risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, such as immune system deficiencies, chemicals, and older age. Certain medications that suppress immune system efficiency, as well as organ transplants, greatly increase the risk of new disease due to immunosuppressive therapy reducing the bodys ability to fght off new diseases (Clarke 142). There are also viruses and bacteria that have been linked to the increased risk of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Viruses that have been linked include HIV and Epstein-Barr virus, more commonly nown as herpes. Helicobacter Pylori, an ulcer-causing bacteria found in the stomach that has also been known to increase the risk of getting lymphoma. Although, more research needs to be conducted to connect pesticides with the risk of Non-Hodgkins, certaln Insect ana weed factor that is to be considered, although people at any age can get cancer, Non- Hodgkins is most common in people sixty or older. To diagnose lymphoma, a full physical must be conducted, as well as looking into family history. A oncologist will then be called in to review the findings and decide where to go next. When screening to find how far cancer has spread, several techniques can be used. These include x-rays, computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, as well as lymphangiograms. Bone marrow examinations are also common to test if infected with abnormal B or T-cells. The best way to test for cancer is by conducting a biopsy and testing a small sample of the tumor to determine whether cancer exists or not. Conducting a biopsy or fluid examination is the best way to get an in-depth look at possible cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry is a popular test used by pathologists y treating the sample with antibodies that attach only to specific molecules on the cell. Color changes among the antibodies can occur and be seen under a microscope allowing pathologists to detect different diseases present. Flow cytometry is a very similar process to immunohistochemistry, but allows a much more in-depth look at the cells by passing them through a laser. This laser techniques provides the ability to separate and count groups of cells. Flow cytometry can also detect whether the lymph nodes are swollen due to lymphoma, or some other type of cancer, or a non- cancerous disease. This allows doctors to better determine the type of lymphoma to be dealt with as well as the best way to treat it. Another way to determine the type of lymphoma is through cytogenetics. This technique inhibits doctors to take a look at the chromosomes in the lymphoma cells to look for translocations, which is common in some types of lymphoma. Other ways to identify the type of lymphoma is if the cells have too many, too few, or other chromosomal abnormalities. Once diagnosed, there are four stages in distinguishing the extent of the disease, starting with the least serious being stage one. Stage one, or early in the diagnosis of ymphoma is when the disease is contained to single lymph node region or in a single organ. Stage two is classified when two or more lymph node regions are infected on the same side of the diaphragm, or when a lymph node and an organ are infected. Stage three is advanced lymphoma when two or more lymph nodes, or a lymph node and an organ infected on different sides of the body. Stage four, or the widespread level of lymphoma is when the cancer has spread to the spleen, bone marrow, bone, or central nervous system. There are different treatments based on the type, and stage of the cancer, as well s other factors such as age, and health status. The most common and effective treatment for Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is chemotherapy, radiation, and biological therapy. Chemotherapy uses chemicals that interfere with the cellular division process, triggering a suicide effect amongst the cancer cells. These chemicals attack all of the cells, including the healthy ones, although normal cells are able to recover from the chemical-induced damage, whereas the cancer cells cannot. Chemotherapy is usually used when the cancer has metastasized, since the medicines travels hroughout the entire body, rather than focusing on one place. This treatment is done in cycles, so the body has a resting period in between to heal before the next cycle . I nere are some sloe erects tnat come along wltn It still, tnese Include tnlngs such as hair loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Although not as effective, there are also medications that can be used to boost the immune systems reaction to these infected a-cells. Rituximab is a biological medication that is a type of monoclonal antibody that attaches to B cells in order to make them more visible to the immune system to attack. This medication lowers the number of B cells, including the non- infected, healthy ones, however, the body will produce more cells, to replace these. Once the cancerous cells are dead, they are much less likely to reoccur. Radiation treatment works to destroy cancer cells by focusing high-energy rays onto the cells. This damages the molecular structure of the cells and causes them to commit suicide. These high-energy rays are usually emitted from metals, such as radium or strong x-rays that are created by a machine. Radiation can either be used on its own or in correlation with other cancer treatments. Side effects may include skin changes often resembling a sunburn or tan, vomiting, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. The most effective treatment to increase a lymphoma patients chance for survival is the combination of the chemical R848 with radiation therapy. With the growing knowledge of genetics, doctors are able to better diagnose Non- hodgkin lymphoma through the methods mentioned previously, allowing a much better prognosis for those infected. There are also new treatments being looked into to help better treat and prevent this cancer from taking peoples lives. Vaccines are ow being introduced as a way to help treat certain cases of lymphoma. It has been known for quite some time that peoples immune systems may help play a major role in fghting cancer, in some cases, some have been cured after their immune system rejects the cancer. With this knowledge, doctors are trying to encourage this immune reaction with a vaccine. This vaccine is used to treat, rather than prevent the disease, and is only available in clinical trials as of now. The goal of this is to create an immune reaction in patients dealing with lymphoma in either the early stages, or clients whose disease is in remission. Along with having very little side effects, when used in clinical trials treating late-stage patients whom chemotherapy was successful, the vaccine increased the time the lymphoma came back by at least a year. Increasing ones knowledge of signs and symptoms correlated with Non-Hodgkins can create a better prognosis of successfully killing the disease. The research of new vaccines that can help the immune system naturally kill the cells on its own can greatly decrease the need for other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, along with the horrible side effects that come along with them.

Discuss whether the Euro zone crisis has had an effect on the European Essay

Discuss whether the Euro zone crisis has had an effect on the European integration project - Essay Example Bank of England referred this crisis as â€Å"the most serious financial crisis at least since the 1930s, if not ever,† in October 2011† (Kenny, 2012). This paper explores the history of European integration first and then explores whether Eurozone crisis has any effect on European integration. History of European Integration Second World War has changed the history of Europe immensely. In fact, Europe has been divided into distinctive ideological segments as a result of WW2. Eastern Europe came under the control of communist regime whereas Western Europe was occupied by democratic regimes or capitalist countries after WW2. Moreover, one portion of Germany (East) came under communism whereas another portion of it came under capitalism immediately after WW2. It should be noted that capitalism and communism would never travel in parallel directions. So, tensions between communist East and capitalist West of Europe started to intensify after Second World War. Prominent poli ticians and scholars of Europe such as Winston Churchill realised that the progress of Europe would never be possible if one part of it function in one direction and other part in opposite direction. Thus, the call for regional integration started immediately after the end of WW2. Moreover, the theories of Federalism and Functionalism, put forward by prominent scholars gave momentum to the integration process of Europe. â€Å"The term â€Å"regional integration† means combining parts into a whole, according to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary† (Dosenrode, 2010, p.4). Europe was functioning as parts after WW2. For example, the whole Germany was functioning as East and West under two contrasting political ideologies. The fall of Soviet Union during the latter parts of twentieth century gave momentum to the regional integration process in Europe. The introduction of principles such as perestroika and glasnost by former Soviet leader Gorbachev helped the Soviet Unio n and other communist countries to expel communism from their territories. Majority of the Eastern European communist countries including East Germany embraced capitalism or democracy after the fall of communism in Soviet Union. The Berlin Wall has been destroyed and the two Germanies became united once again. All these incidents encouraged the regional integration process in Europe in one way or another. Moreover, the progress of Untied States towards prosperity made the European leaders aware of the necessities of a European Union (EU) to enhance their potentials for economic progress. The first pillar of EU was constructed in 1951 in the form of European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) by the six countries; Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands. Since then, a series of incidents happened in the integration process of Europe. â€Å"The EEC Treaty, signed in Rome in 1957, brings together France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries in a community (E EC) whose aim is to achieve integration via trade with a view to economic expansion† (Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, EEC Treaty - original text, 2010). The 1960 Stockholm Convention resulted in the formation of European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (Convention Establishing The European Free Tra